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The heads primary job is the mixing of fuel and air and delivering this to the combustion chamber.
Any turbulence or drag can restrict the air flow into the engine starving you of power. So this TorqueCars article will focus on the intake valves and how they can be improved.
The aim of head tuning is both to maximise the amount of air and fuel that gets into the engine, and to improve the mixture.
Particulate filters and FAP Performance gains.
The particulate filter is a stand alone unit. It is located upstream of the cat in the exhaust system and its purpose is to remove soot particles from the gas stream. The cat the proceeds to do its usual job of converting CO to CO2 and is in no way dependent or relied upon by the particulate filter.
In diesels the cats are two way devices and run in unregulated mode (ie. no O2 sensor like a petrol car).
Benefits and drawbacks of engine water injection systems
You’ve finished tuning up your engine but you find that at full throttle the engine splutters or stalls. When you get the car on a diagnostic you find that the knock sensor is kicking in to protect the engine.
Engine knock is a condition where the fuel inside the engine ignites prematurely and occurs within an engine running at high compression. (It can also be caused by other factors including low octane/poor quality fuel or hot spots within the engine.)
Principles of porting an engine and big valve conversions
The inlet and outlet ports on the engine block are usually larger than those of the manifolds that connect to them.
This allows for scope in the manufacturing process to allow for mismatched alignment.
Generally the engine ports are larger in the upstream flow direction avoiding turbulance but power gains can be made by matching these up.
